Valvular disease

General Articles/Presentations
Heart Disease: Heart Valve Disease MedicineNet.com
Valvular Lesions of the Heart William Herring, MD Learningradiology.com
Evaluation of the Mitral and Aortic Valves With Cardiac CT Angiography Chheda, Samir V. BS; Srichai, Monvadi B. MD; Donnino, Robert MD; Kim, Danny C. MD; Lim, Ruth P. MBBS; Jacobs, Jill E. MD Journal of Thoracic Imaging: February 2010 – Volume 25 – Issue 1 – pp 76-85 doi: 10.1097/RTI.0b013e31819d12b1
CT Angiography of the Cardiac Valves: Normal, Diseased, and Postoperative Appearances Joseph J. Chen, Maria A. Manning, Aletta Ann Frazier, Jean Jeudy, and Charles S. White Radiographics September 2009 29:5 1393-1412; doi:10.1148/rg.295095002
Cardiac CT: Aortic Valve R.C.(Chip)Gilkeson, Jr.,MD Society of Thoracic Radiology Video 6003, 2006
Cardiac CT: Function and Perfusion Suhny Abbara, MD Society of Thoracic Radiology Video 6004, 2006
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Cardiac Valves: A Review (Abstract) Dominik Ketelsen, MD, Elliot K. Fishman, MD, Claus D. Claussen, MD, Jens Vogel-Claussen, MD Radiologic Clinics of North America Volume 48, Issue 4 , Pages 783-797, July 2010
A. Aortic stenosis
	1. Valvular stenosis
	Case in Point Stenotic Situation A. Makaryus, MD	Case in Point Don’t Stop at Two J. Purvis, V. Kennedy, A. McNeill
	Pediatric Valvar Aortic Stenosis Howard S Weber, MD Medscape Website
	Valvular Aortic Stenosis Echocardiology.org
	Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment, Brian H. Grimard, MD and Jan M. Larson, MD Am Fam Physician. 2008 Sep 15;78(6):717-724
	Aortic Valve Stenosis MedicineNet.com
	Aortic Stenosis Xiushui (Mike) Ren MD Medscape Website
	Diagnostic Value of Cardiac CT in the Evaluation of Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: Comparison With Echocardiography and Operative Findings Ryoichi Tanaka, Kunihiro Yoshioka, Hiroyuki Niinuma, Satoshi Ohsawa, Hitoshi Okabayashi, and Shigeru Ehara AJR October 2010 195:895-899; doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3164
	2. Subvalvular stenosis
	Pediatric Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis Douglas J Schneider, MD Medscape Website
	Membranous Subaortic Stenosis and Its Associated Malformations (Abstract) Harold A. Baltaxe, James H. Moller, and Kurt Amplatz Radiology May 1970 95:2 287-291; doi:10.1148/95.2.287
	3. Supravalvular stenosis
	Pediatric Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis Anita Krishnan, MD Medscape Website
	Supravalvular aortic stenosis Bouvagnet, P Orphanet encyclopedia, February 2003
	Uncommon Congenital and Acquired Aortic Diseases: Role of Multidetector CT Angiography Eric T. Kimura-Hayama, Gabriela Meléndez, Ana L. Mendizábal, Aloha Meave-González, Greby Fernando B. Zambrana, and Celia P. Corona-Villalobos Radiographics January 2010 30:1 79-98; doi:10.1148/rg.301095061
	a) William’s syndrome
	Williams Syndrome Aneal Khan, MD, MSc, FRCP(C), FCCMG Medscape Website
	Williams syndrome Reviewed by: Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD and David Zieve, MD, MHA PubMed Health
	Aortic Aneudrysms as a late complication in the syndrome of supravalvular aortic stenosis, peculiar facies and mental retardation Felix Wyler, MD, Markus Rutishauser, MD, Christian Fliegel, MD, Samuel Buchs, MD and Erich Gradel, MD AJR November 1973 119:524-529
	Bilateral Pulmonary Sequestration with Bridging Isthmus in a Boy with Williams Syndrome Richard Kuo, Shin-Lin Shih, and Jon-Kway Huang AJR July 2006 187:W133-W134; doi:10.2214/AJR.05.1236
B. Aortic insufficiency
Aortic Regurgitation Stanley S Wang, MD, JD, MPH Medscape Website
Aortic insufficiency Reviewed by: Issam Mikati, MD and David Zieve, MD PubMed Health
64-MDCT for Diagnosis of Aortic Regurgitation in Patients Referred to CT Coronary Angiography Gudrun M. Feuchtner, Wolfgang Dichtl, Silvana Müller, Daniel Jodocy, Thomas Schachner, Andrea Klauser, and Johannes O. Bonatti AJR July 2008 191:W1-W7; doi:10.2214/AJR.07.3432

Aortic Regurgitation: Assessment with 64-Section CT Hatem Alkadhi, Lotus Desbiolles, Lars Husmann, Andre Plass, Sebastian Leschka, Hans Scheffel, Robert Vachenauer, Tiziano Schepis, Oliver Gaemperli, Thomas G. Flohr, Michele Genoni, Borut Marincek, Rolf Jenni, Philipp A. Kaufmann, and Thomas Frauenfelder Radiology October 2007 245:1 111-121; Published online August 23, 2007, doi:10.1148/radiol.2451061523
Aortic Insufficiency Echocardiology.org
C. Mitral stenosis/Mitral insufficiency
Case in Point Immovable Half B. Paul, A. Minocha
CT and MR Imaging of the Mitral Valve: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Michael F. Morris, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Rakesh M. Suri, Harold M. Burkhart, Thomas A. Foley, Crystal R. Bonnichsen, Nandan S. Anavekar, Phillip M. Young, Eric E. Williamson, James F. Glockner, and Philip A. Araoz Radiographics October 2010 30:6 1603-1620; doi:10.1148/rg.306105518
Mitral Stenosis Claudia Dima, MD Medscape Website
Mitral Stenosis, Congenital M Silvana Horenstein, MD Medscape Website
Mitral Stenosis Echocardiology.org
Mitral Regurgitation Echocardiology.org
Cardiac MRI: The Basics Patrick T. Norton, M.D., Nicholas C. Nacey, M.D., Dominique B. Caovan, M.D., Spencer B. Gay, M.D., Christopher M. Kramer, M.D., Bryan S. Jeun, M.D. University of Virginia Health System, Department of Radiology
CT and MR Imaging of the Mitral Valve: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation (Abstract) Michael F. Morris, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Rakesh M. Suri, Harold M. Burkhart, Thomas A. Foley, Crystal R. Bonnichsen, Nandan S. Anavekar, Phillip M. Young, Eric E. Williamson, James F. Glockner, and Philip A. Araoz Radiographics October 2010 30:1603-1620; doi:10.1148/rg.306105518
	1. Parachute mitral valve
	Case in Point Don’t Stop at Two J. Purvis, V. Kennedy, A. McNeill
	Diagnosis and management of parachute mitral valve and supravalvar mitral ring. Fergus J. Macartney, Olive Scott, Marian I. Ionescu, and Philip B. Deverall Br Heart J. 1974 Jul;36(7):641-52
	Multi-Modality Imaging of an Adult Parachute Mitral Valve (Abstract) John A. Purvis, Stephen Smyth, Stephen H. Barr Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography – March 2011 (Vol. 24, Issue 3, Pages 351.e1-351.e3, DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.07.002)
	Parachute Mitral Valve in Adults—A Systematic Overview (Abstract) Fayaz A. Hakim M.D., Christopher B. Kendall, Mohsen Alharthi M.D., Joel C. Mancina, Jamil A. Tajik M.D. Echocardiography Volume 27, Issue 5, pages 581–586, May 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01143.x
	Radiologic Findings in the Developmental Complex of Parachute Mitral Valve, Supravalvular Ring of Left Atrium, Subaortic Stenosis, and Coarctation of Aorta (Abstract) Lewis S. Carey, Robert D. Sellers, and John D. Shone Radiology January 1964 82:1 1-10; doi:10.1148/82.1.1
D. Tricuspid stenosis/tricuspid regurgitation
The Pathogenesis of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation (Abstract) Judy Hung Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery – Spring 2010 (Vol. 22, Issue 1, Pages 76-78, DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2010.05.004)
Tricuspid Valve Disease (Abstract) Pravin M. Shah, MD, MACC, Aidan A. Raney, MD, FACC Current Problems in Cardiology Volume 33, Issue 2, February 2008, Pages 47–84
E. Pulmonic valve assessment
1. CT and MR imaging of the pulmonary valve. Farhood Saremi, Atul Gera, S. Yen Ho, Ziyad M. Hijazi, and Damián Sánchez-Quintana. RadioGraphics 2014 34:1, 51-71

E. Miscellaneous
	1. Degenerative calcification
	Pathophysiologic mechanisms of calcific aortic stenosis (Abstract) Alexandros Alexopoulos, Andreas Kaoukis, Helen Papadaki, and Vlassios Pyrgakis Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis April 2012 6: 71-80, first published on February 23, 2012 doi:10.1177/1753944712439337
	Calcific aortic valve disease and aortic atherosclerosis–two faces of the same disease? Ginghin? C, Florian A, Beladan C, Iancu M, C?lin A, Popescu BA, Jurcu? R. Rom J Intern Med. 2009;47(4):319-29.
		a) Calcified aortic stenosis
		Pathology of calcific aortic stenosis (Abstract) Elena Ladich, Masataka Nakano, Naima Carter-Monroe, and Renu Virmani Future Cardiology 2011 7:5, 629-642
		Aortic stenosis: from diagnosis to optimal treatment. (Abstract) Tavciovski D, Davicevi? Z. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2008 Mar-Apr;136(3-4):176-80.
		b) Mitral annular calcification
		Mitral annulus calcification — a window to diffuse atherosclerosis of the vascular system (Abstract) Yehuda Adler, Noam Fink, David Spector, Itay Wiser, Alex Sagie Atherosclerosis Volume 155, Issue 1, March 2001, Pages 1–8
		c) Caseous calcification of mitral annulus.
		Multimodality cardiac Imaging in the Evaluation of Mitral Annular Caseous Calcification. Gulati A, Chan C, Duncan A, Raza S, Kilner PJ, Pepper J. Circulation. 2011 Jan 4;123(1):e
	2. Myxomatous degeneration
	Echocardiographic Determination of the Prevalence of Primary Myxomatous Degeneration of the Cardiac Valves (Abstract) Yihua He, Youmin Guo, Zhian Li, Jian Chen, Michael C. Kontos, Walter H.J. Paulsen, Jiancheng Han, Linlin Wang, Xiaoyan Gu, J.V.(Ian) Nixon Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography – April 2011 (Vol. 24, Issue 4, Pages 399-404, DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2011.01.001)
	Primary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves. Clinical, pathological, haemodynamic, and echocardiographic profile. J Rippe, M C Fishbein, B Carabello, G Angoff, L Sloss, J J Collins, Jr, and J S Alpert Br Heart J. 1980 December; 44(6): 621–629.
	3. Carcinoid syndrome
	Carcinoid heart disease: typical findings on echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. (Abstract) Moerman VM, Dewilde D, Hermans K. Acta Cardiol. 2012 Apr;67(2):245-8.
	Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of carcinoid heart disease (Abstract) H. Sandmann, M. Pakkal, R. Steeds Clinical Radiology – August 2009 (Vol. 64, Issue 8, Pages 761-766, DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2008.10.013)
	4. Infective endocarditis
	Borne identity: CT imaging of vascular infections (Abstract) Jessica S. Huang, Alexander S. Ho, Absar Ahmed, Sanjeev Bhalla and Christine O. Menias EMERGENCY RADIOLOGY Volume 18, Number 4 (2011), 335-343, DOI: 10.1007/s10140-011-0946-7
	Infective Endocarditis: The European Viewpoint (Abstract) Pilar Tornos, MD, FESC, Teresa Gonzalez-Alujas, MD, Frank Thuny, MD, Gilbert Habib, MD, FESC Current Problems in Cardiology Volume 36, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 175–222
	5. Rheumatic heart disease
	Rheumatic heart disease (Abstract) Eloi Marijon MD, Mariana Mirabel MD, Prof David S Celermajer PhD, Prof Xavier Jouven PhD The Lancet, Volume 379, Issue 9819, Pages 953 – 964, 10 March 2012 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61171-9
	Delayed Gadolinium Enhancement in the Atrial Wall A Novel Finding in 3 Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease Jabi Shriki, MD, Brenna Talkin, BS, Isac C. Thomas, BS, Ali Farvid, MD, and Patrick M. Colletti, MD Tex Heart Inst J. 2011; 38(1): 56–60. PMCID: PMC3060734
F. Therapeutic and interventional options
The Year in Interventional Cardiology Dixon SR, Safian RD J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(17):1497-1508. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.036.
Transcatheter Valve Therapy: A Professional Society Overview from the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Holmes DR, Jr, Mack MJ. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(4):445-455.

Valvular disease

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